[Lecture Note] 港珠澳大桥

HZMB

General layout

image-20260817212532585

start from HK boundary crossing

55kmi

  • 30km = 24km bridge + 6km IT
  • 12km : In HK
  • 14km : Zhuhai link road

There is 4 man-island, 4 tunnels, 22km bridge

Island is used to link bridges and tunnels

Project constraints

To across the 伶仃洋

  • Earthquake
  • Wind / Typhoo (47.6m/s)
  • 120 years durability
  • different Cons (in Chinese mainland and hk. masco)

There is 5 airports nearby, when the plane up and down

And there is also a 中华白海豚保护区 (Pearl river, 厦门，北部湾) 1,200

It has no vision, also have a 声呐系统

Its behaviour in 25m depths (Too deep is not available)

To find its behaviour, we go out to the sea more than 300 times

Finally, number all the 白海豚, so we can know its age, and made protected rules and equipments

Also the pollution may affect 白海豚

More than 4000 ships (more than 500T) per day

Also the affect by typhoon

Project goal

  • To build a world-class sea-crosssing link
  • To best serve the user : easy to maintain, easy to adapt to crash or other casual accidents (Like fire in tunnels)
  • To become a land mark : beautify, historical, agreeable

Project concepts

  • design : life cycle coast and design on demand
  • construction : modular construction, standardized/mechanized
  • Management
  • Promote cooperation : based on self innovation, encourage integration of global resources to better sereve the project (HK/Macao platform)
  • aim to promote sustainable development to be a model of green project

So first to see all the best bridges in the world, and to design our new constructed methods.

Use the best materials and equipment. (Borrow or invented by ourselves)

Industrialization : only in the factory can make the better. And the use to transfer and install it (So it is relevant to different kinds of equipment)

Learn from others, but rooted in self-introduction.

Prepare some monitors , so we can better know whether it can survive for more than 120 years

Sustainable : environmental-friendly.

Labor-friendly : AC in the tunnels

Artificial Island : link the bridge and tunnels (so the island can be a bit longer, but not to long, or it will prevent the water)

Another problem :

When the bank become wider, the speed of flow become lower, and the sand will land on the river bed. So the ocean will have so many sand

But the 涨落潮 every day to get the sand out. So the ocean become the sank stable.

But it is also very susceptible and weak. If the bridge prevent the water, it may affect the sand to go. As this river affect many fields

The 墩子 become wider

Under the 桥墩, it has a 桥台, make it smaller

Island quik forming method

The island can’t be moved. It need to be precise and stable

It has a big T joint (shorter the time in half a year), and it also has be cheaper

Immersed tunnel

It is very clean

Elastic materials, the maintenance tunnel is made by light concrete (undecorated)

New crafts

5664m, 33 Elements, 180m×37.95m×11.4m180m \times 37.95m\times 11.4m

Use the pressure of water and temperature to push the Gina from 33 inches to 22

So it can prevent the water leaking

Integrated control system for tunnel sinking and joining :

Design and construction of final joint

Special ships developed for IT construction

  • Rock laying and hammering bare
  • Bed material supplier barge
  • Jack-up barge for gravel laying and levelling : 3D-printing underwater
  • Siltation removing system
  • Towing navigation system
  • Mooring system
  • Ballasting system : Balance and navigate system under water
  • Pulling system
  • Remote survey system : 水下声呐定位
  • Fine tuning system max

Aesthetic Design

Chinese knot

Sailing away on wind and waves

Connect them together : 珠联璧合